# Short Description

caRamel is a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm combining the MEAS algorithm and the NGSA-II algorithm.

Dealing with constraints is possible with caRamel by returning a NaN value for an infeasible solution. See the example below.

library(caRamel)

# Test functions

## Constr-Ex problem

Constr-Ex test function has two objectives with two variables and two inequality constraints.

constr_ex <- function(i) {
# functions f1 and f2
s1 <- x[i,1]
s2 <- (1. + x[i,2]) / x[i,1]
# now test for the feasibility
# constraint g1
if((x[i,2] + 9. * x[i,1] - 6.) < 0. | (-x[i,2] + 9. * x[i,1] -1.) < 0.) {
s1 <- NaN
s2 <- NaN
}
return(c(s1, s2))
}

Note that :

• parameter i is mandatory for the management of parallelism.
• the variable must be named x and is a matrix of size [npopulation, nvariables].

The variable lies in the range [0.1, 1] and [0, 5]:

nvar <- 2 # number of variables
bounds <- matrix(data = 0., nrow = nvar, ncol = 2) # upper and lower bounds
bounds[1, 1] <- 0.1
bounds[1, 2] <- 1.
bounds[2, 1] <- 0.
bounds[2, 2] <- 5.

Both functions are to be minimized:

nobj <- 2 # number of objectives
minmax <- c(FALSE, FALSE) # min and min

Before calling caRamel in order to optimize the Constr_Ex problem, some algorithmic parameters need to be set:

popsize <- 100 # size of the genetic population
archsize <- 100 # size of the archive for the Pareto front
maxrun <- 1000 # maximum number of calls
prec <- matrix(1.e-3, nrow = 1, ncol = nobj) # accuracy for the convergence phase

Then the minimization problem can be launched:

results <-
caRamel(nobj,
nvar,
minmax,
bounds,
constr_ex,
popsize,
archsize,
maxrun,
prec,
carallel=FALSE) # no parallelism
## Beginning of caRamel optimization <-- Wed Feb  2 07:29:44 2022
## Number of variables : 2
## Number of functions : 2
## Done in 4.2329158782959 secs --> Wed Feb  2 07:29:48 2022
## Size of the Pareto front : 98
## Number of calls : 1000

Test if the convergence is successful:

print(results$success==TRUE) ## [1] TRUE Plot the Pareto front: plot(results$objectives[,1], results$objectives[,2], main="Constr_Ex Pareto front", xlab="Objective #1", ylab="Objective #2") plot(results$parameters, main="Corresponding values for X", xlab="Element of the archive", ylab="X Variable")